Bibliographies: 'Architectural emphasis' – Grafiati (2025)

Abstract:

Model-driven development is recognized as one of the most promising approaches in software engineering. Recent research in the area highlights the importance of using an explicit architectural model in this context. Since service-oriented architectures have also demonstrated to be adequate to overcome current software needs, the idea of using the model-driven approach to generate service-oriented architectural models has successfully flourished in the last years. However, the emphasis on the Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) paradigm has led to the design of architectures lacking some desirable features. Knowing the benefits provided by architectural styles, we have found that their use can help us to overcome those needs. Our goal is to obtain a service-oriented model which satisfies the requirements of the concrete architecture and complies with the constraints and vocabulary defined for a specific architectural style. To achieve this, here, we propose to use a weaving model which merges the concrete architectural model with a model of the architectural style of choice.

Abstract:

A common phenomenon in modern architecture is the over emphasis on technology at the expense of natural environment, regional culture, and human emotions. In this essay, the regionalism spirit in architectural design is introduced for future reference in architectural design.

Abstract:

Modern architecture design lays more emphasis on the authenticity and regionality of the building.The basic tectonic principles are the real material performance and real construction expression. Architecture artistic is based on the internal expressive force of the structural system. And the logicality of building structure is given the inner beauty of architectural image. Modern timber-structure building is breaking the fetter of formalism in the aspect of structure performance. Its tectonic methods are making the positive exploration in terms of the architectural context inheritance.

Abstract:

At present, more emphasis has been laid on the efficacy study of architectural space. As people conduct various activities in the architectural spaces, they would have varied perception and experiences, which is also of great importance in a teaching session. When teachers guide the students to carry out design process, attention should also be paid to this indispensable aspect. Under the guidance of the modern theory of validity, teachers should adopt all types of experiences in the architectural space as the factors for analysis, allowing students to carry out efficacy evaluation of architectural space from multiple perspectives, and seek method for evaluating the special efficacy to get the best evaluation methods and architectural space design criteria, so as to promote students' awareness and understanding of architectural space to design architectures suited to the need of the people.

Abstract:

Current seismic strengthening approaches to historic buildings place emphasis upon concealing engineering technologies. This study investigates, through a process of architectural and structural engineering design, the architectural possibilities inherent in a completely different approach. Recognizing both conservation concerns and the architectural qualities of two existing earthquake-prone buildings, the study explores seismic strengthening strategies that are exposed to view in order to contribute, in both a physical and aesthetic sense, a layer of architectural richness. A 1960s eight-story reinforced-concrete office building and a three-story unreinforced masonry building are the subject of theoretical seismic strengthening schemes. The paper describes the buildings, the strengthening approaches from both architectural and structural engineering perspectives, and comments on the outcome with respect to conservation guidelines. Although the proposed schemes challenge some sections of the guidelines, the authors believe the exposed structure enhances the existing architecture, and in so doing suggests an alternative approach for seismic retrofitting.

Abstract:

The focus of this research is on hybrids and hybridity, with the emphasis on their liminal character - programme and formal non-finiteness. This paper presents a part of an ongoing doctoral research concerning theoretical frame for discussion and defining hybridity in architectural theory and practice. It deliberates hybridity through the social and humanistic discourse as well as theory of architecture in the context of both culture and architecture. The research describes hybrid as a condition, which can be observed through the concept of liminality and constant transformations, as opposed to finiteness of any kind. In this context, the aim of this paper is to locate and discuss hybridity in the contemporary architectural discourse, on the basis of etymological and connotative characteristics established through the architectural theory and other relevant disciplines in the field of social and humanistic sciences.

Abstract:

Abstract. The German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) is built upon a complex sensor data infrastructure. To best fulfill the demand for a long living system, the underlying software and hardware architecture of GITEWS must be prepared for future modifications both of single sensors and entire sensors systems. The foundation for a flexible integration and for stable interfaces is a result of following the paradigm of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The Tsunami Service Bus (TSB) – our integration platform in GITEWS – realizes this SOA approach by implementing the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards and services. This paper focuses on architectural and implementation aspects of the TSB. Initially, the general architectural approach in GITEWS by SOA and SWE is presented. Based on this conception, the concrete system architecture of GITEWS is introduced. The sensor integration platform TSB is then discussed in detail, following by its primary responsibilities and components. Special emphasis is laid on architectural transparency, comprehensible design decisions, and references to the applied technology.

Abstract:

The architecture and architectural shape of a building plays an important role in the interior housing design, many concepts have been developed to optimize this and to have a housing that reflects both visual and architectural comfort or even thermal one. The evolution of these houses however is not controlled, modular architecture has appeared because among its basic principles is being built from modules that can be assembled, then separately modified or even disassembled, the advantage of this typology of architecture is that it is fast in execution, light in installation and above all has very little impact on the environment in which it is part. These buildings are characterized by more dynamic geometries, which results in a very rich architectural language and an interesting sky line, however, to be able to project all the possibilities is a challenge in itself. In this article the discrete geometry is treated through the development of an algorithm that illustrates the process that allows to expose all possible cell combinations, the latter represents the basic module of modular architecture, the most attracting choices will be arranged to illustrate the formal and architectural optimization of a house. In this study the emphasis will be placed on the mathematical part in order to highlight the relationship between geometry and its influence on the final architectural rendering.

Abstract:

This paper presents the possibilities of the development of new forms of religious architecture in Serbian Orthodox Church, on the basis of certain traditions. Current situation in this field is analyzed with special emphasis on non-typical religious buildings and spaces. The authors show that the domination of traditionalism in architectural expression is not based on the canonical restrictions, but rather the result of striving to establish the interrupted continuity by replicating forms from previous époques. Freedom of architectural creation in this field is strongly supported with the variety of forms existing through history of which zapis is particularly interesting.

Abstract:

Architects in Turkey have made extensive reference to traditional Anatolian building styles in recent work. However, there has been little systematic study of how they have gone about the use of these references. This research analyses varied approaches of designers and their ways of interpreting the vernacular heritage in recent living environments. This research is not designed to investigate the architectural design process itself; the aim is rather to look for possible influences of the archetypes of vernacular and regional architecture in contemporary architecture in order to create a unique identity, using different design actions; imitation, bricolage, analogies, interpretation and mimesis. In order to search for the possible effect of the archetypes of vernacular environment on contemporary design practice, selected architects who have been active in the recent design of tourism buildings in Turkey have been selected. Seventeen case studies have been analysed and nine architects have been interviewed. Many regions in Turkey have been visited in order to have wider archive of Anatolian Historical and Vernacular archetypes. From each architect, several buildings have been chosen for observation and analysis. The data was collected in several different ways, which are: first, direct observation, visiting the sites for the relevant information such as photographs, sketches and scaled drawings; second, semi-structured interviews with the designer in order to catch their intentions in selected case studies. The current study is based on qualitative analysis using HyperResearch software on both materials gathered by observation and interview transcripts. The result of the collected data with selected research method showed that the Anatolian historical and vernacular archetypes are being used by the architects in their recent architectural practices via different level of referential interpretations. The research goes beyond simple subjective observations of the use of historical references; this has been achieved through the development of framework for the systematic classification and analysis of a range of reference types. This has been used both in the interpretation of visual material and in the analysis of documentary sources and interviews with architects. The intentions of each architect in case studies have been identified and a list of most frequently used historical elements have also been given. Keywords: Vernacular architecture, historical references, Tourism Buildings, Turkish Architecture, Imitation, Bricolage, Analogy, Interpretation, Mimesis.

Abstract:

the Horizon separatesthe ground, skythe inhabitable space, spacethe separation of oppositesthe Horizon exists where opposites meetthe contradiction emphasizes the existence of the Horizonarchitectural elements emphasize this place of meetingusing elements of repetition, reflection, and separation
Master of Architecture

Abstract:

This thesis explores the role of barrier and threshold as a form of differentiation between objects and situations. Building elements such as façade, structure, and space become the means by which to distinguish between separate parts, functions, and experiences. Sited in downtown Washington D.C. the proposed office building becomes the permeable barrier between street and lawn. Within the building there is contrasting differentiation between service space and occupiable office space through the role of different building parts that make up an office building.
Master of Architecture

Abstract:

Small applications called widgets have been widely accepted on desktop and are on their way to be successful on mobile devices too. Widgets are usually managed by the widget runtime engines. This thesis considers that parts of the widget logic can be migrated to run in the network (for example, due to limited mobile device resources or other design reasons). In this case the mobile part of widget logic has to communicate with its network counterpart. It is also preferable to allow the mobile widgets to communicate with each other. Hence widget communication becomes an important aspect of the widget engine architecture. This thesis investigates the possibility of applying RESTful paradigm to the widget communication and proposes a corresponding architecture along with the prototype implementation.

Key Words: Widget, Mobile 2.0, Widget Communication, REST Framework, Mobile Web Server, Mobile Web Services.

Abstract:

La presente tesis realiza un análisis a las necesidades en la vivienda de los estudiantes del siglo XXI, también llamados millenials y centennials. Los principales problemas son: la limitada exploración de esta tipología – residencia universitaria – en el país; y la carencia de evolución de sus espacios con respecto a las nuevas formas de habitar en el presente. Este proyecto, propone y hace énfasis en mejorar las conexiones espaciales, espacios públicos, relaciones entre espacios públicos, semiprivados y privados, circulaciones activas y usos mixtos; para brindar mejores condiciones a los usuarios con respecto a seguridad, cuestiones urbanas y sociales, integración visual y física, tecnología y medio ambiente. En el primer capítulo, se describe el marco actual, la definición de la tipología y la determinación del lugar. Se explica el énfasis arquitectónico y se establecen las herramientas de aplicación. En el segundo capítulo, se plantea la problemática, los objetivos principales y los objetivos específicos. En tercer capítulo expone el marco teórico; el contexto del proyecto, la historia y evolución de la tipología. En el cuarto capítulo, se realiza un análisis comparativo de los proyectos referenciales y la relación de la normativa nacional e internacional. Se profundiza en el marco teórico del énfasis y cómo condiciona el proyecto en aspectos formales, funcionales y tecnológicos. En el quinto capítulo, se resuelve la programación arquitectónica del proyecto: usuarios, ambientes e interrelaciones espaciales. Por último, en el sexto capítulo se evalúa el terreno y el expediente urbano y se define, como última conclusión, los criterios de diseño.
This thesis analyzes the housing needs of 21st century students, also called millennials and centennials. The main problems are: the limited exploration of this typology - university residence - in the country; and the lack of evolution of their spaces with respect to new ways of living in the present. This project proposes and emphasizes improving spatial connections, public spaces, relations between public, semi-private and private spaces, active circulations and mixed uses; to provide better conditions to users regarding safety, urban and social issues, visual and physical integration, technology and the environment. In the first chapter, the current framework, the definition of the typology and the determination of the place are described. The architectural emphasis is explained and the application tools are established. In the second chapter, the problem is posed, the main objectives and specific objectives. In third chapter he exposes the theoretical framework; the context of the project, the history and evolution of the typology. In the fourth chapter, a comparative analysis of the referential projects and the relationship of the national and international regulations is carried out. It delves into the theoretical framework of the emphasis and how it conditions the project in formal, functional and technological aspects. In the fifth chapter, the architectural programming of the project is resolved: users, environments and spatial interrelations. Finally, in the sixth chapter, the terrain and the urban file are evaluated and, as a last conclusion, the design criteria are defined.
Tesis

Abstract:

The methods for creating new (To-be) models within Enterprise Architecture is very similar to those used in Human-Computer Interaction for creating new products. Since Enterprise Architecture is used on existing systems, and because of the similarities between the methods used between the fields, the research question has been formulated as follows: "What is the relationship between tacit knowledge and the utility value of an architectural model for an organisational department studied through observations with experienced users?". The study aims to show that methods for reusing/changing already existing products produces a higher utility value when developing on an existing system. Since observations could show flaws and opportunities which can otherwise be overlooked, the architecture could benefit from gaining tacit knowledge which does not show from interviews. The results show that observations overall give higher utility and the hypothesis, that the observation and interview methods give equal utility values, can be discarded.
De metoder som används för att skapa nya (To-be) modeller inom Enterprise Architecture är mycket lika de som används inom Människa-Dator Interaktion för att skapa nya produkter. Då Enterprise Architecture används på redan existerande system, och eftersom det finns likheter mellan metoderna från båda fälten, har studiens fråga formulerats som: "Vad är reltationen mellan fingertoppskänsla och ’utility value’, av en arkitekturmodell för en organisationsavdelning studerat genom observationer med erfarna användare? Studien ämnar visa att metoder för att återanvända/ändra redan existerande produkter kan ge högre ’utility values’ när man utvecklar ett redan existerande system. Då observationer kan visa på brister och möjligheter, som annars kunde ha förbisetts, kan arkitekturen dra nytta av att erhålla denna underförstådda kunskap som inte yttras via intervjuer. Resultatet visar på att observationer övergripande ger högre ’utility value’ samt att hypotesen, att observationer och intervjuer ger samma ’utility values’, kan förkastas.

Abstract:

The SWATH ship has been claimed as one of the advanced high performance vessels which can provide good seakeeping characteristics as well as maintaining high speed in rough seas. Despite the considerable amount of research and development carried out in the last fifteen years, there is still a lack of design data in the open literature concerning many of the specialised aspects of SWATH design. Two of these areas are the motion characteristics of hulls which are operating fairly close to the water surface and the design of active control systems to reduce static trim and motions in waves. This study is an investigation, both theoretically and experimentally using a model, into SWATH motion characteristics in the vertical plane. It aims to have an understanding of the seakeeping behaviour with and without the effect of fins in waves. The computer program for the motion prediction involves the computation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the equations of motion on the practical range of frequencies, depth of submergences and column widths. The effects of these factors on the sectional hydrodynamic coefficients are discussed and are curve-fitted into approximate formulae in order to save computer time. The total (three dimensional) hydrodynamic coefficients are integrated stripwise, taking into account the forward speed and viscous effects. Analytic methods for the wave induced exciting forces were formulated and obtained by two approaches; the modified Morison's formula and the strip theory. The sectional Froude-Krylov force, caused by the undisturbed incident wave pressure and a diffraction component resulting from the distortion of the wave train by the presence of the hull integrated over the mean immersed surface of the hull section. Phase differences of the sectional forces are considered during the integration procedure. The forward speed and viscous effects are included together. In addition, a series of laboratory tests in calm water and waves as well as theoretical studies aimed at the design of vertical-plane control surface (fins), which would keep the SWATH ship on a near level trim at speed in calm water and reducing the inherently low level of motion in wave have been carried out. The forces generated by fins are composed of inertia effects and viscous induced lift and cross-flow drag. Since the fins are attached to the hull, the lift-curve slope were corrected by the fin-body effect. Only after fins are considered in the study, the combination of the forward fins are believed could be summed linearly. However, the downwash effect on the after fins by the forward fins are not able to be included. Since the exciting and restoring forces of a SWATH involved are smaller than those of the comparable monohull, adequate control forces can be generated for a SWATH at speed by reasonably sized fins. The good agreement of the comparisons of the analytical calculations and the experimental measurements confirms the accuracy of the study.

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003.
UMI No. 3110307. "Authorized facsimile, made from the microfilm master copy of the original dissertation." Includes bibliographical references.

Abstract:

From observational approaches to housing in Kuwait, it has been found that the people there are experiencing a housing crisis, specifically in interior architecture, as they are building and living in houses that do not fulfil their needs. This is evidenced by the fact that in a single year, almost every house owner in both private and governmental houses in Kuwait city has done two or three alterations, either adding a room or bathroom, enlarging a living room, or adding walls for privacy. For the above reasons, the aim of this study is to build a body of knowledge based on several theories, in order to enrich and improve the current Kuwaiti housing legislation with emphasis on interior architecture. By having access to authorized information, in theory Kuwaitis could improve their homes. This study therefore investigates theories such as Maslow's Motivation Theory that highlights the hierarchy of human needs, Adaptation theory to explore the cultural, social, and environmental adaptation processes humans experience within their houses, Space Syntax to provide a systematic approach to segregation and space integration within the house, and sustainability to provide guidelines for building houses that maintain the people's cultural values and house design traditions in a way that enriches their lives and well -being. In addition, this study focuses on planning and building legislation and the impact of neighbouring on the house design that in turn affects people's daily lives. This study begins by giving the reader a brief history of Kuwait and its urban development, along with the influence that the discovery of oil had on people's houses and their house design. This is followed by two parts: the first is the deductive part, which explores the theories outlined above, while the second is the inductive part and describes the author's empirical work in which extended interviews with open -ended questions were used to acquire data regarding people's feelings, problems and needs within their houses. The findings and conclusions from that work are presented together with recommendations for future housing design. The research findings and the deductive part of this study are then considered together to produce a framework which legislators and designers in Kuwait Municipality and the PAHC (Public Authority for Housing Care) could use to improve the current Kuwaiti housing legislation comprehensively, with emphasis on the interior architecture. In the conclusion a review of the main findings of the thesis is presented, together with a set of fundamental recommendations derived from the synthesis of the deductive and inductive parts of this research. The thesis concludes with a final message about the importance of interior architecture in the quality of people's lives.

Abstract:

UMI No. 3110307. "Authorized facsimile, made from the microfilm master copy of the original dissertation." Includes bibliographical references. Summary: This research proposes a new site analysis methodology in the form of an integrated framework. The framework separates the site analysis process into different models, incorporates each model, and considers the interaction between them. The most important models are the environmental models (climate, geology, hydrology, topography, and vegetation models), social-cultural models, economic models, and infrastructure models. Each model also contains several important factors.The study identifies and organizes environmental factors within the framework that influence site analysis and design. Based on the applicability of feng shui principles and their interpretations into measurable factors, this research compares and incorporates feng shui and contemporary environmental design theories, and summarizes essential environmental factors. The emphasis on environmental factors from these models may lead to a better understanding of the relationships between humankind and the natural environment.

Abstract:

Stretching back to antiquity, motion had been a key means of designing and describing the physical environment. But during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, individuals across Europe increasingly designed, experienced, and described a new world of motion: one characterized by continuous, rather than segmented, movement. New spaces that included vistas along house interiors and uninterrupted library reading rooms offered open expanses for shaping sequences of social behaviour, scientists observed how the Earth rotated around the sun, and philosophers attributed emotions to neural vibrations in the human brain. Early Modern Spaces in Motion examines this increased emphasis on motion with eight essays encompassing a geographical span of Portugal to German-speaking lands and a disciplinary range from architectural history to English. It consequently merges longstanding strands of analysis considering people in motion and buildings in motion to explore the cultural historical attitudes underpinning the varied impacts of motion in early modern Europe.

Abstract:

Il volume offre numerosi spunti sul tema Permanenze e innovazioni nell'architettura del Mediterraneo, dimostrandone l'ampiezza di aspetti riconducibili alla Tecnologia dell'architettura, di cui si evidenzia la flessibilità dei confini disciplinari con riferimento ai diversi significati assumibili dal concetto di risorsa. Letta in continuità con le precedenti pubblicazioni Osdotta, questa consente di seguire quanto si va sviluppando nel terzo livello di formazione in un momento particolarmente critico per l'istituzione universitaria, continuando a porre l'accento sul nodo domanda/offerta di ricerca, nel confronto con altre istituzioni e con il mondo della produzione di settore, nell'attuale scenario dominato da trasformazioni sempre più rapide e incisive. La qualificazione dei corsi di dottorato, attraverso la riflessione sugli esiti immediati e a lungo termine, parallelamente alla precisazione dei contenuti identitari del settore disciplinare, restano le principali sfide da continuare ad affrontare. This publication provides considerable material for reflection on the subject of Mediterranean Architecture between Heritage and Innovation, demonstrating the wide range of aspects linked to Architectural Technology, in which one is struck by the flexibility of the disciplinary boundaries with regard to the various meanings that can be applied to the concept of resource. Taken together with the previous publications of Osdotta, this consents one to trace the developments in the third level of education at a particularly critical time for the university institution; the emphasis continues to be placed on the crucial issue of supply/demand of research; the situation is compared with other institutions and with the world of production in this sector, in a present-day scenario dominated by ever more rapid and incisive transformations. The main challenges left to be faced are to improve the quality of PhD courses, after due reflection on the immediate and long-term results, whilst defining more precisely the identitary contents of the disciplinary sector.

Abstract:

This chapter discusses the forms and functions of cathedrals, the principal churches of bishops within their dioceses. It outlines the ways in which the architecture and furnishings were designed to accommodate and enhance the unbroken round of worship that was their principal justification, and the means by which an ambience was created for worship that offered a foretaste of heaven for the faithful. The complex processes of design and construction of buildings that were the most sophisticated and structurally demanding of their age are touched upon. Changing architectural fashions are discussed, with emphasis on the ways in which the taste for greater structural lightness and decorative ingenuity in successive phases of the Gothic developed out of the more robustly conceived Romanesque architecture of the twelfth century. There is also consideration of the historiography of the study of the cathedrals.

Abstract:

This chapter examines the formal method for constitutional amendment provided for in Article 368 of the Indian Constitution. It first reviews the early cases that gave rise to the Basic Structure doctrine, which placed substantive restrictions upon the power of amendment, before exploring subsequent developments and the application of the doctrine. It considers how Indian courts have addressed the idea of an unconstitutional constitutional amendment, with particular emphasis on the architectural framework that the courts have envisioned the Constitution to have. It explains how the Basic Structure doctrine has been used to understand the principles on which constitutionalism must depend.

Abstract:

Building materials and construction technology are strongly interrelated with the pillars for sustainable development (e.g. environment, society economy, culture and politics). Earth Building, an 11,000-year-old practice of building using sustainable and earth materials, is practiced worldwide. Earth has been used to construct walls, floors, roofs, and even furniture. Today it is estimated that between 33-50%of the world’s population is housed in earth homes. This chapter reviews the two-year process of earth buildings and earth architecture carried out by the Department of Architecture Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering at National University of Malaysia (UKM). The current research emphasis is on the types, construction methods, and architectural aspects of earth buildings and earth architecture. The current manuscript compares type of earth buildings and their properties and applications based on building materials and architectural aspects in construction.

Abstract:

With the weakening of central authority, distinctive regional styles emerge in the Balkan states. Serbia relied heavily on Byzantine styles and Byzantine craftsmen in the early fourteenth century but by the end of the century had developed a distinctive national style, often called the Morava School. Bulgarian architecture maintained close ties to Constantinople, but with a greater emphasis on the decorative features of the exterior. Romania, a latecomer on the scene, found its initial architectural inspiration in Serbia; the region of Moldavia developed a distinctive church architecture with its exterior walls decorated with fresco. Church architecture continued in all these areas to serve the Christian communities after the Ottoman Conquest.

Abstract:

This chapter explores the architectural and social origins of the Hampstead Garden Suburb. Initiated by Henrietta Barnett, Hampstead Garden Suburb was radical departure from nineteenth-century town planning in its emphasis on a variety of housing types, integrated green spaces, and various community and social services. Yet its design was not only a clear response to the social problems presented by the nineteenth-century city, but also a synthesis of several models of new domestic architecture that existed in the city itself including model dwellings, women’s residences, and settlement housing. This chapter engages with both visual and literary representations of the Hampstead Garden Suburb to establish its nineteenth-century legacy.

Abstract:

This chapter examines the origins of the post-war Plans as a means to interrogate a number of historical stereotypes about Britain after the Second World War. In 1945 Hull and Manchester, in common with many other British towns and cities, produced comprehensive, detailed redevelopment plans. These Plans were a spectacular mix of maps, representations of modern architecture and ambitious cityscapes that sit, sometimes uneasily, alongside detailed tables, text and photographs. Initially examining continuities between the inter- and post-war plans, the chapter emphasises the importance of the Plans in local governments’ attempts to express long-held desires to control and shape the city. I argue that the Plans evidence an attempt to mould the future shape and idea of the modern city through imaginative use of urban fantasy. Images of modernism, I argue, were not presented as a realisable architectural aim, but as a way of mediating between the present and an indistinct, but fundamentally better future. I suggest flawed interpretations of the visual materials contained in the Plans are responsible for an over-emphasis on the influence of radical modernism in post-war Britain.

Abstract:

This chapter builds on a rich and complex history of the eighteenth-century urban house in the cities of Britain, Ireland and North America. Shifting emphasis away from construction, economic competence and labour organization – the predominant focus of academic studies devoted to this class of building producer – it investigates the artisan’s engagement with the processes and aesthetics of architectural design. With prominence given to the design of the house façade, topics include the emerging standardization in building construction; building regulations and the varying degrees of control exercised by landowners and city councils; and the responsibility of design to the urban milieu, specifically the requisite (ideal) interface between private concern (house) and public obligation (street). With reference to artisanal education through apprenticeship and builders’ academies, and the role of pattern books and drawing portfolios, this chapter argues that building tradesmen were concerned as much with making design (architecture) as with making profits (building).

Abstract:

The research represents principles of projective-geometric design of illusory spaces and proposes a study about the relief-perspective which featured the applications of science and art to interior decoration and architectural spaces during the sixteenth and the seventeenth century. The research has analyzed a selection of figurative and built illusory spaces, going to deepen the formation of the concepts of perception and illusion. During Renaissance was given emphasis to projective methods, of which were investigated the principles of geometric and optical ones in the proportions and in the visualization of architectural works, and the use of projective system accelerating or slowing the effects of the natural perspective to modify certain environmental aspects, external and internal, to the built volumes. The research also compares two major applications, the relief-perspectives of Francesco Borromini and Giovanni Maria da Bitonto and their partnership in the design of the perspectival tabernacle in Bologna and in the perspectival gallery for the Spada palace in Rome.

Abstract:

This chapter examines the role that late antique scholarship has occasionally assigned to Islam, with particular emphasis on the work of Alois Riegl, Josef Strzygowski, Henri Pirenne, and Peter Brown. It begins with an overview of the roots of late antique studies on Islam, citing the impetus given by theological and philosophical concerns to interest in late Antiquity up to and including the nineteenth century. It also considers the catalytic role of art, architectural history, and archaeology in the “slow transformations” of the late antique world. It shows that questions about Islam were already present at the very birth of modern late antique studies.

Abstract:

This introduction gives a critical and historical overview of the links between modernism and portability, situating the book’s concerns in relation to established work on mobility, material culture and modernist exile. It explains the book’s emphasis on the emergence of portable analogues for literary form in the twentieth century and draws a distinction between a modernist metaphorics of portability and a Victorian metaphorics of domesticity. It situates literary representations of a new portable culture in the context of developments both in architectural design and the evolution of transportation technologies and travelling goods. It further provides a detailed description of each of the four book chapters.

Abstract:

Web-based application development represents some unique challenges to the developers. There is a growing need for better development methodologies. The traditional system development methods for non-Web applications can still be effective, but need to be adapted and enriched in the new development environment. This chapter discusses the challenges and proposes a Modified Prototyping Method (MPM) for Web application development. MPM views Web applications as organic systems that are continually adapting to their environments. MPM places more emphasis on architectural decision for system scalability and proactive system maintenance. It suggests not only a process but also a set of design techniques at each stage. The method provides a balanced view of technology and management requirements in the Web application development process.

Abstract:

Architectural Education in the UK has drifted toward an esoteric preoccupation with style and artistic production and is ignoring important issues of society and urban change. Techniques of user participation and involvement of students in real life social problems is on the agenda in only a few schools of architecture. Yet in the real world more emphasis is being placed on tenants and resident participation in social housing programmes. The Community Technical Aid movement is going from strength to strength. However UK schools of architecture are not preparing students for work of this kind. In this paper it is argued that architectural history and theory is largely to blame for placing too much emphasis on precedent studies divorced from social and political context. Progressive movements in CIAM and radical social programmes are ignored in favour of pre-occupation with fashionable but content free stylisms.

Abstract:

The Building Process was formally established as an Area of Emphasis by the Department of Architecture at Berkeley in 1988 with Christopher Alexander as the head. This step was taken in recognition of changing demands in architectural education and practice and the need to investigate design, planning and construction as one integrated process. Hajo Neis joined this new area in 1990 as a faculty, and describes the development, achievements and current state of this new direction in architectural education and its connection to architectural research and practice.

Abstract:

Abstract: Le Corbusier’s architectural production throughout the twentieth century served as a reference for subsequent developments in architecture and urban planning in Sweden. Some of the buildings and urban plans subsequently developed in Sweden and influenced by Le Corbusier’s ideas and projects also impacted on the international architectural scene. This research analyses how the study of Le Corbusier’s works affected projects in Sweden from the 1920s to the 1970s and how they also became an international standard. Le Corbusier’s works provided a kind of prototype, with which Swedish architects experimented in alternative ways. During the 1920s, Le Corbusier’s Pavilion de l’Esprit Nouveau and the Stuttgart Weissenhofsiedlung impressed influential Swedish architect, including Uno Åhrén, Gunnar Asplund and Sven Markelius, who later became proponents of modernism in Sweden. The 1930 Stockholm Exhibition marked a breakthrough for functionalism in Sweden. After 1930, urban plans for Stockholm and its suburbs reflected some of Le Corbusier’s ideas, such as the urban plan by Sven Markelius, and Vällingby’s town centre by Leif Reinius and Sven Backström. After 1950, Léonie Geisendorf , Ralph Erskine, Sigurd Lewerentz and Peter Celsing placed considerable emphasis on rough texture in poured concrete. Lewerentz, who admired the works of Le Corbusier, designed the churches of Markuskyrkan in 1956 and St Peter’s in Klippan in 1966, with a wider international impact. Reyner Banham included several works by Le Corbusier and also Markuskyrkan Church by Lewerentz in his book The New Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetic? in 1966. Keywords: Sweden, twentieth-century architecture, urban planning, prototype, architectural experiment, functionalism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.893

Abstract:

A product family is a set of products that are derived from common sets of parts, interfaces, and processes, known as the product platform. To reduce development time and procurement and operating costs of product platform based variants, the product platform can be designed after consideration of several characteristic, such as modularity, flexibility, sustainability and complexity. In this paper, the product platform is viewed from the perspective of system architecting. The architectural complexities of both the platform and its variants, which together constitute a product family, can be quantitatively assessed using a specifically tailored metric. This will aid system architects in designing product platforms and resulting product variants with an emphasis on reducing complexity. Architectural complexity management is demonstrated through a case study of a train bogie platform.

Abstract:

The design architecture of a multidisciplinary problem-solving environment (MPSE) for supporting an efficient prediction capability for the response of continuous interacting systems under multiphysics conditions is presented. The system will be referred to as a Data Driven Environment for Multiphysics Applications (DDEMA) and will be primarily differentiated from previous MPSE efforts on its usage of data for improved confidence of simulation prediction. Its architecture takes into consideration information technologies, coupled multiphysics sciences, and data-driven practices to achieve steering of adaptive modeling and simulation of the underlying systemic behavior. Special emphasis is given on middleware implementation issues based on actor-agent abstractions. A description of the design objectives and architectural variations of DDEMA are also given in the context of two multidisciplinary applications related to material/structure design of supersonic platforms and fire/material/environment interaction monitoring, assessment and management. Validation of the architecture will also be attempted in terms of the same two applications.

Abstract:

<p>Modern architectural heritage raises issues connected to its preservation or rehabilitation and require in-depth analysis and appropriate protections. Just recently, the collapse of the Polcevera Bridge in Genoa cast a shadow on the durability itself of established materials and technologies, in particular prestressed concrete. Another aspect deserving special attention in this heritage is seismic provision. The underground Pavilion V is an iconic structure designed by Morandi, conceived in 1958 as an expansion of the exhibition space hosting the industrial vehicle section of the Turin Automobile Show. The pavilion consists of a single wide space, 69 m in width and 151 m in length, and is located 8 m below ground level. The present contribution illustrates the recent experimental investigations conducted on this stunning building, with emphasis on the dynamic characterization tests. The tests were deemed necessary for the interpretation of the structural system in view of a possible reuse as part of the university campus of architecture. The interpretation of the experimental campaign stimulated a broader range discussion on the structural and seismic reliability of this type of scheme, as well as its possible seismic improvement and rehabilitation.</p>

Abstract:

The paper discusses rural transformations resulting from urban influences. The analyzed area consists of rural municipalities (the smallest administrative units in Poland) in the immediate vicinity of Olsztyn, Elblag and Ełk – the largest cities in Warmia and Mazury. The type and rate of social and spatial changes in rural areas with high urban impact were analyzed. The following issues have been addressed: – a comparison between demographic changes in rural municipalities neighboring on urban centres and demographic changes in the city, – changes in the land use structure of rural municipalities neighboring on urban centers, with particular emphasis on open and protected spaces, – architectural changes in the analyzed suburban areas, – landscape changes in the analyzed suburban areas.

Abstract:

American cities are experiencing sprawling growth at the periphery and decline at the center. How to reverse this wasteful cycle and regenerate the city is difficult. Architects must participate in decision making that shapes our built environment. Architectural education must prepare future architects for this responsibility. Introduction of large-scale projects, with an emphasis on urban housing, is an integral and unselfconscious way to enable the student to gain understanding, appreciation, competence and confidence to deal with urban scale and issues. Large-scale urban housing, set in a Chicago context, has been the studio focus for several recent terms. Student studies from these investigations demonstrate creative possibilities in the process for urban revitalization and consolidation.

Abstract:

As individuals, institutions, and agencies stumble over each other creating new benchmarks for performance, speaking past one another along the way, the concept of performance becomes increasingly illusive – as does its implication in architectural practice. MECHANISTICALLY, it is a manner or quality of functioning. It’s EMBODIED meaning is firmly attached to the notion of accomplishment. CONTRACTUAL performance is tied to the fulfillment of an obligation or responsibility. The creative modality assigned to it’s PRODUCTIVE definition places emphasis on process based metrics. INFORMALLY the word describes a tiresome procedure. Scope of “work done” provides the LEGAL context for use of the word. COLLOQUIALLY performance is equated with competence. A REPRESENTATIONAL dimension exists as well in ceremony. And, performance exists as a MODALITY in embedded conduct and behavior.1

Abstract:

Ankara, the capital of Turkey, experienced a fundamental spatial structuring process after the proclamation of the Republic. The vision of modernity and protective economic structure of the Early Republican era determined the spatial configuration of the city and produced public buildings as the icons of the young regime. City planning and architecture had been used as the instruments of the new regime in making itself visible, concrete, and symbolized. The buildings and urban plans transmitting the foundation ideals of Republic together with modernity have contributed to the creation of national sovereignty and a modern society. After the span of eighty years, the new politic-economic climate of Turkey redesigned the urban regime of Ankara and its symbols. One of the most concrete transformations is observed in the public offices which convey the political and economic intents of each period through their spatial and architectural organizations, and symbolic meanings. This study examines the change in the urban symbols with an emphasis on public offices; their spatial organization, their archistar buildings, and their messages conveyed to public with respect to the change in political and economic systems. This article concludes that public offices and their relations with urban space and public are considered as the icons in representing the dominant political power in both the early republican period and post-2000s; the former period benefited them as the visual representations of national sovereignty while the latter used them as the landmarks of the authoritarian and neoliberal political power over the nation.